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Rattan cane is an important forest product only second to timber and bamboo, and is extensively used as an excellent natural material for furniture, ropes, decorative items, housing, craft products, and also as an innovative bone implant materials. Rattan is a multi-purpose plant resource with long tough slender stems found mostly in the tropical rainforests, and has a high economic value which can be considered as a material with high potential in the construction industry. This result will provide basic data support for property modification and commercial utilization of rattan resources. The basic density and mechanical properties gave a more moderate correlation with quadric equation. The physical–mechanical properties have no significant difference among species except modulus of elasticity, and the same as the different geographical areas. The results show that the physical and mechanical properties differ among four rattan species, and they follow irregular variation pattern with height. The relationship between species, cane position, density and mechanical properties of the rattan in China is also discussed. The present paper describes a study of main physical and mechanical properties in different heights of rattan cane for four rattan species, and also makes a comparison of property for Calamus simplicifolius grown in different sites. Physical and mechanical properties are more important quality performance indexes, which are highly correlated with the processing and utilization of rattan cane. Rattan cane is an important forest product only second to timber and bamboo, with higher economic value and ecological benefits.